LESSON 8
MODULATION
This image shows the key before modulation, it also shows the
pivot chord moving into the modulation of the new key, and it
gives an example of direct
modulation.
Ø The dominant key is most frequently used to modulate in major-key. In minor keys, this can only happen when the 7th scale degree is not raised by a semitone and also not acting as a dominant.
Ø Some of the other keys used when modulating are those having either a sharp or flat or none, like the relative minor. These are the 4th, 5th, and 6th scale-degree in major-key and also used as pivo chord.
In this melody, using a melodic line with figure base and chord
symbols, you would notice the modulation as it begins with a
pivot modulation by a common chord.
Ø The pivot chord is used as a harmony while transitioning into the modulated key, and not all scale degrees can be as a pivot chord. The ones used include chord notes that are diatonic to the new key.
This melody has an example of a pivot chord modulating
from the key of C major to its dominant by using the six
scale degree in C major as a pivot chord. This is a common
tone chord to scale degree two in G major.
Ø Pivot chords are not always used to modulate. Sometimes, there is what is called direct modulation. This form of modulation takes place suddenly as the new key appears. It is sometimes called abrupt modulation, often used in chorale settings. The only time it has a smooth transitioning is when it involves a secondary dominant.
This melody uses a secondary dominant chord as a pivot
chord modulating from the key of G major to the key of D
major, which is called a direct modulation.
In
this video of modulation, there are so many things you would recognize.
A
review on tonicization
The
difference between modulation and tonicization
The
change of mode major/minor
Key
relationship
closely
related keys
Examples
of closely related keys
Common
chord/pivot chord modulation
Examples
of common chords
Analyzing
a melody and listening for modulation
Viewing
the melody
identifying pivot chords
In
this video, on modulation, you will view
How
modulation is defined
Immunity
in D major used as an example
Pivot
chords
defining
pivot chords
Explaining
the chords of the diatonic scale
major
minor diminished
Comparing
chords from one key to another
Locating
common chords
Explaining
the pivot chords on the diagram
listening
illustration
In
this video on modulation, there are many things to recognize.
A
review on tonicization
The
difference between modulation and tonicization
The
change of mode major/minor
Key
relationship
closely
related keys
Examples
of closely related keys
Common
chord/pivot chord modulation
Examples
of common chords
Analyzing
a melody and listening for modulation
Viewing
the melody
identifying
pivot chords
Premier Solo de Concours is a trumpet solo
composed by Rene Maniet.
This melody is written in
the key of F major, and the note highlighted appears to be a pivot chord.
The note C in the key of F major is the dominant, but after modulating, the key
change, and it becomes the tonic. Observing the B that follows within the 3 bars
they are all-natural.
In
this video, I am performing the melody above
The serenade, a
musical arrangement for trumpet, was composed by Oskar Bohme, a German-Russian
trumpeter and composer. Oskar Bohme was born in Potschappel, a small town near
Dresden, Germany. In his early years, he had studied both trumpet and
composition at the Leipzig Conservatory of music.
Ø This melody begins in the key of F minor, using a raise 7th
degree that forms the dominant.
Ø In bar 6 of this Melody, there is a secondary dominant, which is G major, and it tonicizes C major. The arrangement has G major highlighted in orange and C major in blue.
Ø On the first beat of bar 10, The F minor chord Is used as a pivot chord to modulate into the key of Ab major. These are all highlighted in red.
Ø This melody also has a few motives, I have highlighted two of them in green, and the other two highlighted in green and orange are sequences of descending 5th.
In this video,
I am performing the Serenade.
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